Kharkiv Art Museum – Alluring Kharkiv

The Kharkiv Art Museum is located in two neighboring buildings on Zhon Myronosyts Street.

^{“Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks”. Ilya Repin created two versions of the painting, the first is in St. Petersburg, the second, more historically accurate, was made in 1893 and is in Kharkiv. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

The street was one of the record holders for the number of renamings back in tsarist times: Kladbishenskyi Lane, Sadovo-Kulykivska Street, Starokladbyschenskyi Lane, Sadova Street, Kasperivskyi Lane, Serdyukivska Street, Mironosytskyi Lane.

^{Kharkiv Art Museum, main building. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2015}

It was also called Svidomosti Lane, Equality and Brotherhood, Radnarkomovskaya Street (from 1930s to 2015).

^{Triptych. Old Copy. Jan Van Eyck. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

The main building of the museum at Zhon Myronosyts Street, 11 was built in 1912-1914 according to the design of the architect Olekiy Beketov for the beer magnate Ivan Ignatishchev, who owned the Rossiya brewery at Velyka Panasivska Street, 76.

^{Sketch by O. Beketov. Source: V. G. Zabolotny State Scientific Architectural and Construction Library}

The building’s decor has preserved bas-reliefs with infant putti growing hops and harvesting.

During the struggles of 1917-1919, the building housed various government bodies, and for some time, the Central Council.

^{“Girl in a Hat”, Galileo Pacini. 19th century. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

In 1922-1928, the building housed the Council of People’s Commissars (government) of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1923, it was visited by Fritdjof Nansen, who collected Western humanitarian aid during the post-war famine.

^{“Sviatoslav”. E. Lancere, 1886. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

After the Council of People’s Commissars moved in at the end of the 1920s, this building was transferred to the Ukr-Dipromez design institute. Some rooms were occupied by the Kharkiv Conservatory, where gifted children were taught.

^{“Chumak”, E. Lancere, 1870. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

Since 1932, the building has housed the T. Shevchenko Art Gallery.

^{Taras Shevchenko, “Baygushi”, 1853. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

During the German occupation, the gallery was renamed the T. Shevchenko House, and it was under the management of the Art Institute. On September 6, 1942, an exhibition of 220 reproductions of Shevchenko’s paintings was held here.

^{Taras Shevchenko, “Self-portrait in a cap and sheepskin coat”, 1860. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

On March 25, 1944, the State Museum of Ukrainian Art was established on the basis of the collection of the Ukrainian State Art Gallery, which returned from evacuation.

^{Henryk Siemiradzki, “Isaurian pirates sell their booty”, 1880. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

Due to the fact that the pre-war building of the gallery at Yaroslava Mudrogo Street, 18 burned down along with its exhibits in August 1943, the Ukrainian State Art Gallery was given the T. Shevchenko Art Gallery Building. The building was damaged – its roof was destroyed, windows were broken, and walls were pierced, but it was restored in a short time.

^{“Victim of Fanaticism” is one of the most famous paintings by the Ukrainian Wanderer artist Mykola Pymonenko (1899). The painting describes a real story about an attack by members of the Jewish community on a girl who fell in love with a Ukrainian blacksmith and decided to convert to Christianity in order to marry him. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

The museum was opened on June 23, 1946 on the second floor of the building. The first floor until the early 1950s was occupied by the Art Institute and School, the art fund workshop, the regional board of the Union of Artists, etc.

^{Maria Raevska-Ivanova, “Girl by the House”, 1869. This outstanding Kharkiv woman was the first woman in the Russian Empire to be awarded the official title of Artist by the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

The basis of the museum’s collection was paintings and sculptures taken out during the evacuation, but this was only a small part of the lost collection (4,700 exhibits out of 75,000).

^{Porfiry Martynovych, “Portrait of a Chumak by Fyodor Mihal”, 1880. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

However, the collection continued to grow after WWII. The museum faced a shortage of exhibition space, so from time to time it held thematic exhibitions based on the collections of its funds, for example, exhibitions of Dürer’s engravings or Picasso’s work.

^{A. Dürer, “The Walk”, 1478. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2021}

The museum’s collection roots dates back to 1805, from the collection of Kharkiv University and gifts from its graduates, which were replenished in the 19th century (the University had a Museum of Fine Arts and Antiquities).

^{P. Picasso, “Bacchanal”, 1959. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2021}

In 1886, the City Museum of Art and Industry was organized in Kharkiv. As a result of their unification in 1920, the Central Art and History Museum of State Importance was established. In the 1930s, the museum’s funds were replenished with part of the collection of P. Kharitonenko from the estate “Natalivka”.

^{V. Tropinin, “Portrait of a Ukrainian Woman”. Early 19th century Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2017}

Initially, the Ignatyshchev estate had a plan in the form of the letter “П”, but after being transferred to the museum, it was “ringed” with an additional gallery for the convenience of visiting the exposition. Unfortunately, the interiors were mostly lost, in particular, the paintings by the artist Serhii Vasylkivsky, who made reduced copies of his paintings from the Poltava Zemstvo House in the interiors.

The second building of the museum is located next to the main building and is used as an exhibition hall for temporary exhibitions.

^{Exhibition hall. In 2020, a balcony collapsed here, and by February 2022 it was restored. Photo: Ivan Ponomarenko, 2021}

This building at Chernyshevska Street, 18/9 was also built according to the design of architector Oleksiy Beketov in 1896 for the Sunday school for women, organized by Khrystyna and Oleksiy Alchevsky, which operated until 1919.

A feature of the women’s school was the teaching of Ukrainian literature and folk song.

As a result of Russian missile strikes on March 7, 2022, both buildings were damaged.

The facade was damaged, windows and stained glass were broken.