Before the 1917 Revolution, there were five synagogues in Kharkiv: the Choral Synagogue, the Chebotarska Synagogue, the Podolska Synagogue, the Meshchanska Synagogue, and the Mordvinovska Synagogue. The Chebotarska Synagogue building was constructed in 1912 according to a design by architect Boris Gershkovich. The synagogue was owned by the 2nd branch of the 3rd Jewish prayer house “Sephardim.” Sephardim are a sub-ethnic group of Jews who were expelled from Spain and Portugal in 1492.

In the postwar period, the traffic police department was located at Chebotarska Street, 17. The building of the former Chebotarska Synagogue was returned to the Jewish community in 2002 (to the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic Association of Jewish Religious Societies and Organizations of the Kharkiv Region). Now it houses Yeshiva Gedolah—a higher Jewish religious educational institution for young men—and Yeshiva Ketana—a school for boys that combines Jewish education with a general school curriculum.

On March 15, 2022, a cluster bomb fired from a Russian multiple-launch rocket system struck the roof of the building.