The All-Ukrainian X-ray Academy was founded in Kharkiv in 1920 by the prominent radiologist Serhiy Grigoriev, who became the first director of the institution. The academy had modern medical equipment, a large library, and in 1925–1928 collaborated with the Parisian laboratory of M. Curie of the Radium Institute, but suffered from a chronic shortage of free space for placing equipment, treating patients, and teaching students.

The construction of a new building for the academy was started in 1929 and completed in 1930. The authors of the project were architects V. Estrovych, O. Molokin, and engineer B. Troupyansky. The large reinforced concrete building, which appeared on the Hryhoriia Skovorody Street, 82, solved the problems of space shortage, it housed a large auditorium-amphitheater for students, spacious wards and offices. It is worth noting the courtyard-kurdoner of complex shape at the entrance to the academy, and in general the plan of the building is not very simple, many wings-buildings use the area occupied by the academy as efficiently as possible.

The building of the X-ray academy is one of the most harmonious constructivist buildings in Kharkiv. Researchers see in it, in addition to constructivist architecture, elements of art deco.

Now the building houses the Institute of Medical Radiology of S. P. Grigoriev National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine

In 2013, repairs were carried out, during which the windows were replaced with metal-plastic double-glazed windows, but the glazing bars of the windows are almost the same as original.